Learn more about fields
- Add, subtract, or perform other calculations. To do so, use the = (Formula) field.
- Work with documents in a mail merge. For example, insert ASK and FILLIN fields to display a prompt as Word merges each data record with the main document.
In other cases, it is simpler to use the commands and options that are provided in Word to add the information that you want. For example, you can insert a hyperlinkby using the HYPERLINK field, but it is easier to use the Hyperlink command in the Links group on the Insert tab.
NOTE You cannot insert field code brackets by typing the brace characters on the keyboard. To insert field code brackets, press CTRL+F9.
FIELD CODE SYNTAX
Field codes appear between curly brackets ( { } ). Fields behave like formulas in Microsoft Excel — the field code is like the formula, and the field result is like the value that the formula produces. You can switch between displaying field codes and results in your document by pressing ALT+F9.
When you view a field code in your document, the syntax looks like this:
{ FIELD NAME Properties Optional switches }
- FIELD NAME This is the name that appears in the list of field names in the Field dialog box.
- Properties These are any instructions or variables that are used in a particular field. Not all fields have parameters, and in some fields, parameters are optional instead of required.
- Optional switches These are any optional settings that are available for a particular field. Not all fields have switches available, other than those that govern the formatting of the field results.
Example
For example, you can place the file name and path of your document in the header or footer by inserting the FILENAME field.
The syntax for the FILENAME field code with the path included looks like this:
{ FILENAME \p }
Insert a field
- Click where you want to insert a field.
- On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Quick Parts, and then click Field.
- In the Categories list, select a category.
- In the Field names list, select a field name.
- Select any properties or options that you want.
NOTES
- If you want to see the codes for a particular field in the Field dialog box, clickField Codes.
- To nest a field within another field, first insert the outer, or container, field, by using the Field dialog box. In your document, place the insertion point inside the field code where you want to insert the inner field. Then use theField dialog box to insert the inner field.
TIP If you know the field code for the field that you want to insert, you can also type it directly in your document. First press CTRL+F9, and then type the code within the brackets.
Edit a field
- Right-click in the field, and then click Edit Field.
- Change the field properties and options. For information about the properties and options available for a particular field, see Field codes in Word or search on the field name in Help.
NOTES
For some fields, you must display the field code to edit the field. To do this, click the field, and then press SHIFT+F9. Or, to display all the field codes in the document, press ALT+F9.
Some fields are edited in their own dialog boxes instead of in the Field dialog box. For example, if you right-click a hyperlink and then click Edit Hyperlink, the Edit Hyperlink dialog box opens
Display the field results
By default, Word displays the field results seamlessly with the content of your document so that someone reading the document is unaware that part of the content is in a field. However, fields can also be displayed with a shaded background, to make them more visible in the document.
You can make the field results blend into the content of the document by turning off the option to display fields with a shaded background and by formatting the field results.
If you want to call attention to fields, you can display them with a shaded background, either all the time or only when the field is selected.
You can format the field results by applying text formatting to the field or by adding formatting switches to the field code.
CHANGE THE SHADED BACKGROUND OF FIELDS
- Click the File tab.
- Click Options.
- Click Advanced.
- Under Show document content, in the Field shading list, do one of the following:
- To make fields stand out from the rest of the document content, selectAlways.
- To make fields blend in seamlessly with the document content, selectNever.
- To make users of Word aware that they have clicked in a field, selectWhen selected.
NOTE When the field shading option is set to When selected, the field displays a gray background when you click within the field. However, the gray shading does not indicate that the field is selected. When you select the field by double-clicking or dragging the mouse, highlighting that indicates selection is added to the gray shading.
APPLY TEXT FORMATTING TO A FIELD
- Select the field that you want to format, and then apply the formatting by using the commands in the Font group on the Home tab.
For example, to underline the name that is inserted by an AUTHOR field, select the entire field code, including brackets (or select the entire field result), and then clickUnderline in the Font group on the Home tab.
NOTE If you update a field, any formatting that you applied to the field results may be lost. To retain the formatting, include the \* MERGEFORMAT switch in the field code. When you insert fields by using the Field dialog box, the \* MERGEFORMAT switch is included by default.
ADD A FORMATTING SWITCH TO A FIELD CODE
- Right-click the field, and then click Edit Field.
- Do one of the following:
- If Field properties and Field options are displayed, select the formatting options that you want.
- If only the field code is displayed, click Options, and then select the formatting options that you want.
If the Options button appears dimmed, additional formatting options may not be available.
Format switch
The Format field switch (\*) defines how to display field results. The format instructions determine the following:
- The use of uppercase and lowercase letters
- Number formats — for example, whether 9 is displayed as ix (roman numerals) or ninth (ordinal text)
- character formats
Format switches also retain a field result's formatting when the field is updated.
Capitalization formatsNumeric format switch
The Numeric format switch (\#) specifies the display of a numeric result.
For example, the switch \# $#,##0.00 in { = SUM(ABOVE) \# $#,##0.00 } displays a result such as "$4,455.70." If the result of a field is not a number, this switch has no effect.
NOTE Quotation marks are not required around simple numeric formats that do not include spaces — for example, { MarchSales \# $#,##0.00 }. For more complex numeric formats and those that include text or spaces, enclose the numeric format in quotation marks, as shown in the following examples. Word adds quotation marks to numeric format switches if you insert a field by using the Field dialog box or the Formula command in the Data group of the Layout tab (Table Toolscontextual tab).
Combine the following format items to build a numeric format switch:
- 0 (zero) This format item specifies the requisite numeric places to display in the result. If the result does not include a digit in that place, Word displays a 0 (zero). For example, { = 4 + 5 \# 00.00 } displays 09.00.
- # This format item specifies the requisite numeric places to display in the result. If the result does not include a digit in that place, Word displays a space. For example, { = 9 + 6 \# $### } displays $ 15.
- x This format item drops digits to the left of the "x" placeholder. If the placeholder is to the right of the decimal point, Word rounds the result to that place. For example:
{ = 111053 + 111439 \# x## } displays 492.
{ = 1/8 \# 0.00x } displays 0.125.
{ = 3/4 \# .x } displays .8. - . (decimal point) This format item determines the decimal point position. For example, { = SUM(ABOVE) \# $###.00 } displays $495.47.
NOTE Use the decimal symbol that is specified as part of the regional settings in Control Panel.
- , (digit grouping symbol) This format item separates a series of three digits. For example, { = NetProfit \# $#,###,### } displays $2,456,800.
NOTE Use the digit grouping symbol that is specified as part of the regional settings in Control Panel.
- - (minus sign) This format item adds a minus sign to a negative result or adds a space if the result is positive or 0 (zero). For example, { = 10 - 90 \# -## } displays -80.
- + (plus sign) This format item adds a plus sign to a positive result, a minus sign to a negative result, or a space if the result is 0 (zero). For example, { = 100 - 90 \# +## } displays +10, and { = 90 - 100 \# +## }displays -10.
- %, $, *, and so on This format item includes the specified character in the result. For example, { = netprofit \# "##%" } displays 33%.
- "example formatting for positive; negative" This format item specifies different number formats for positive and negative results, separated by a semicolon. For example, if the bookmark Sales95 is a positive value, the field { Sales95 \# "$#,##0.00;-$#,##0.00" } displays the value with regular formatting — for example, "$1,245.65". A negative value is displayed with bold formatting and a minus sign — for example, -$ 345.56.
- "example formatting for positive; negative; zero" This format item specifies different number formats for a positive result, a negative result, and a 0 (zero) result, separated by semicolons. For example, depending on the value of the Sales95 bookmark, { Sales95 \# "$#,##0.00;($#,##0.00);$0" } displays positive, negative, and 0 (zero) values as follows: $1,245.65, ($ 345.56), $0.
- 'text' This format item adds text to the result. Enclose the text in single quotation marks. For example, { = { Price } *8.1% \# "$##0.00 'is sales tax' "} displays $347.44 is sales tax.
- `numbereditem` This format item displays the number of the preceding item that you numbered by using the Caption command (References tab,Captions group) or by inserting a SEQ field. Enclose the item identifier, such as "table" or "figure," in grave accents (`). The sequential number is displayed in Arabic numerals. For example, { = SUM(A1:D4) \# "##0.00 'is the total of Table' `table`" } displays 456.34 is the total of Table 2.
Date-Time format switch
The Date-Time format switch (\@) specifies the display of a date or time.
For example, the switch \@ "dddd, MMMM d, yyyy" in the field { DATE \@ "dddd, MMMM d, yyyy" } displays "Friday, November 23, 2007." Combine the following date and time instructions — day (d), month (M), and year (y); hours (h) and minutes (m) — to build a date-time format. You can also include text, punctuation, and spaces.
Date instructions
Time instructions
Other text and punctuation
- 'text' This format item displays any specified text in a date or time. Enclose the text in single quotation marks. For example, { TIME \@ "HH:mm 'Greenwich mean time' " } displays 12:45 Greenwich mean time.
- character This format item includes the specified character in a date or time, such as a : (colon), - (hyphen), * (asterisk), or space. For example, {DATE \@ "HH:mm MMM-d, 'yy" } displays 11:15 Nov-6, '99.
- `numbereditem` This format item includes in a date or time the number of the preceding item that you numbered by using the Caption command in the Captions group (References tab), or by inserting a SEQ field. Enclose the item identifier, such as table or figure, in grave accents (`). Word displays the sequential number in Arabic numerals. For example, {PRINTDATE \@ "'Table' `table` 'was printed on' M/d/yy" } displays Table 2 was printed on 9/25/02.
NOTE Quotation marks are not required around simple date-time formats that do not include spaces or text — for example, { DATE \@ MM/yy }. For more complex date-time formats and those that include spaces or text, enclose the entire date-time format in quotation marks, for example, { DATE \ @ "dddd MMMM d, yyyy', at' h:mm" }. Word adds quotation marks to date-time format switches if you insert a field by using the Date and Time command in the Text group of the Insert tab or the Field dialog box.
Control how fields are updated
By default, Word automatically updates fields when a document is opened. That way, information stays up to date. There are situations where you might not want this to happen, however. For example, you may want the date in the header to reflect a particular date rather than automatically updating to the current date every time the document is opened.
Fields can also be updated by right-clicking a field and then clicking Update Fieldor by clicking in a field and then pressing F9.
NOTE To manually update all the fields in the main body of a document, press CTRL+A, and then press F9. Fields in headers, footers, or text boxes must be updated separately. Click within the header, footer, or text box, press CTRL+A, and then press F9.
You can lock fields to prevent automatic or inadvertent updating of the field.
LOCK OR UNLOCK A PARTICULAR FIELD
Do one of the following:
- To lock a field so that field results are not updated, click the field, and then press CTRL+F11.
- To unlock a field so that field results can be updated, click the field, and then press CTRL+SHIFT+F11.
LOCK RESULTS OF INCLUDETEXT AND REF FIELDS
The Lock Result (\!) field switch prevents a field that is included in the result of an INCLUDETEXT or REF field from being updated unless the field result in the original location has changed. Without this switch, Word updates fields that are included in a field result whenever the INCLUDETEXT or REF field is updated.
For example, the field { INCLUDETEXT C:\\Sales\Qtr4 Sales.doc \! } inserts the contents of the document "Qtr4 Sales.doc," which contains a DATE field. If you update the INCLUDETEXT field, the \! switch prevents Word from updating the DATE field in the included text unless it is first updated in the original document ("Qtr4 Sales.doc"). The switch ensures that the text inserted by the INCLUDETEXT field matches the text in the original document.
To update the DATE field in both locations, update field in the original document (Qtr4 Sales.doc), and then update the INCLUDETEXT field.
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